The directions of the above two components oppose each other. Instead of using a single unit of capacitor per phase of the system it is quite effective to use a bank of capacitor units in the view of maintenance and erection.
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Inductive components of a power system draw a lagging reactive power from the supply.
Impedance of a shunt capacitor. Reactance is expressed as an ordinary number with the unit ohms whereas the impedance of a capacitor is the reactance multiplied by j ie z jx. This method is used improve the power factor. In addition to the precedent for electronic circuit the shunt capacitor is used to shunt the high frequencies from going to the amplifier or speaker.
However with shunt capacitors percent voltage rise is essentially independent of load. Shunts are rated by maximum current and voltage drop at that current. Shunt capacitors either at the customer location for power factor correction or on the distribution system for voltage control dramatically alter the system impedance variation with frequency.
For example a 500 a 75 mv shunt would have a resistance of 150 microohm a maximum allowable current of 500 amps and at that current the voltage drop would be 75 millivolts. The power factor will remain at 085 or more than 085. To compensate it a shunt capacitor is connected which draws current leading to the source voltage.
Whenever an inductive load is connected to the transmission line power factor lags because of lagging load current. By convention most shunts are designed to drop 50 mv. A capacitor or group of capacitors which are placed across an electric power line or electric appliance to provide a voltage increase or to improve the power factor of the circuit.
The impedance of an ideal capacitor is equal in magnitude to its reactance but these two quantities are not identical. Capacitors do not create harmonics but severe harmonic distortion can sometimes be attributed to their presence. This group or bank of capacitor units is known as capacitor bank.
A capacitor connected in parallel to a load or supply point is a shunt capacitor. There are mainly two categories of capacitor bank according to their connection arrangements. It is good to be used with 20 inches speaker for bassy music.
A switchable shunt may be disconnected from the circuit when conditions warrant while a fixed shunt is permanently connected to the power line. The capacitive component of the power system leads by 90 o to the active power. Purpose of shunt capacitor varies with applications.
In power systems a large portion of load is inductive like motors transformers electromagnetic devices etc causing a low power factor due to this lagging load. A shunt capacitor at the end of a feeder results in a gradual change in voltage along the feeder. It lags by 90 o to the active power.
Shunt capacitors in improving power factor of load. Therefore the shunt capacitor is high frequencies filter or low frequencies passer. Ideally the percent voltage rise at the capacitor would be zero at no load and rise to maximum at full load.
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